What is Altitude Sickness?

Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), occurs when you ascend to high altitudes too quickly and your body cannot adjust to the reduced oxygen levels. This condition is common in areas above 2,500 meters (8,200 feet), especially during treks like Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania where elevation gain is rapid.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms of altitude sickness typically appear within 6 to 24 hours of reaching high elevation. These may include:

• Headache
• Nausea or vomiting
• Fatigue or weakness
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Loss of appetite
• Shortness of breath during exertion
• Difficulty sleeping

In severe cases, symptoms can escalate into high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) or high altitude cerebral edema (HACE), which are medical emergencies.

How to Prevent Altitude Sickness

Prevention is key. Here are several ways to reduce your risk when trekking at high elevation:

• Ascend gradually and choose a route that allows for acclimatization days.
• Use the "climb high, sleep low" strategy.
• Stay well hydrated and avoid alcohol and excessive caffeine.
• Eat high-carbohydrate meals to maintain energy.
• Take it slow—don’t rush your trek.
• Consult a doctor about medications like acetazolamide (Diamox) or dexamethasone before your trip.

Treatment and Emergency Response

If you experience symptoms of altitude sickness, stop ascending immediately. Mild symptoms may improve with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relief. If symptoms worsen, the best treatment is to descend to a lower elevation as soon as possible. For HAPE or HACE, immediate descent and medical attention are critical and can be life-saving.

Final Advice

Altitude sickness can affect anyone, regardless of age or fitness level. Being informed, listening to your body, and respecting acclimatization guidelines can help ensure a safe and successful high-altitude adventure in Tanzania or anywhere with significant elevation. Always prepare well and trek with experienced guides who are trained in altitude awareness and first aid.